C++ ~ CMake In-Depth

In C++ 1, my examples had both a system defined header (<iostream>) and a user defined header (hello.h). In this blog we are going to cover headers in more detail. Most of the information in this blog is from a book called C++ in a nutshell, any other sources will be listed following the information.

Standard Library Headers

There are 51 headers in the standard library which are listed below.

• <algorithm>
  • Algorithms for copying, searching, sorting, and operating on iterators/containers.
• <bitset>
  • Class template to hold a fixed-size sequence of bits.
• <cassert>
  • C header containing runtime assertion-checking.
• <cctype>
  • C header containing character classification and case conversion.
• <cerrno>
  • C header containing error codes.
• <cfloat>
  • C header containing limits of floating-point types.
• <ciso646>
  • Empty header because C declarations are incorporated in the C++ langauge.
• <climits>
  • C header containing limits of integer.
• <clocale>
  • C header containing local-specific information.
• <cmath>
  • C header containing mathematical functions.
• <complex>
  • C header containing complex numbers.
• <csetjmp>
  • C header containing nonlocal goto.
• <csignal>
  • C header containing asynchronous signals.
• <cstdarg>
  • C header containing macros to implement functions which take variable length arguments.
• <cstddef>
  • C header containing miscellaneous standard definitions.
• <cstdio>
  • C header containing standard input and output.
• <cstdlib>
  • C header containing miscellaneous functions and related declarations.
• <cstring>
  • C header containing string-handling functions.
• <ctime>
  • C header containing date/time functions and types.
• <cwchar>
  • C header containing wide character functions, including I/O.
• <cwctype>
  • C header containing wide character classification and case conversion.
• <deque>
  • Deque (double-ended queue) standard container.
• <exception>
  • Base exception class and functions related to exception-handling.
• <fstream>
  • File-based stream I/O.
• <functional>
  • Function objects, typically used with standard algorithms.
• <iomanip>
  • I/O manipulators used with standard I/O streams.
• <ios>
  • Base class declarations for I/O objects.
• <iosfwd>
  • Forward declarations for I/O objects.
• <iostream>
  • Declarations of standard I/O objects.
• <istream>
  • Input streams and input/output streams.
• <iterator>
  • Additional iterators for working with standard containers and algorithms.
• <limits>
  • Limits of numerical types.
• <list>
  • Standard linked list container.
• <locale>
  • Locale-specific information for formatting and parsing numbers, dates, times, and currency values, plus character-related functions for classifying, converting, and comparing characters and strings.
• <map>
  • Associative map (aka a dictionary) standard container.
• <memory>
  • Allocators, algorithms for uninitialized memory, and smart pointers (auto_ptr).
• <new>
  • Global operator new/delete and other functions related to managing dynamic memory.
• <numeric>
  • Numerical algorithms.
• <ostream>
  • Output streams.
• <queue>
  • Queue and priority queue container adapters.
• <set>
  • Associative set container.
• <sstream>
  • String-based I/O streams.
• <stack>
  • Stack container adapter.
• <stdexcept>
  • Standard exception classes.
• <streambuf>
  • Low-level stream buffers used by high-level I/O streams.
• <string>
  • Strings and wide-character strings.
• <strstream>
  • String streams that work with character arrays.
• <typeinfo>
  • Runtime type information.
• <utility>
  • Miscellaneous templates, such as pair, most often used with standard containers and algorithms.
• <valarray>
  • Numerical arrays.
• <vector>
  • Vector (array-like) standard container.

There are more headers in the standard library if you are using C++ 11, which are listed below. There are even more included in newer versions of C++, but I use C++ 14 so they dont apply to me. [source]

• <array>
  • Static contiguous array.
• <atomic>
  • Atomic class template and specializations for bool, integral, and pointer types.
• <cfenv>
  • Floating-point environment access functions.
• <chrono>
  • C++ time utilities.
• <cinttypes>
  • Formatting macros, intmax_t and uintmax_t math and conversions.
• <codecvt> (deprecated in C++ 17)
  • Converts between character encodings, including UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32.
• <condition_variable>
  • Thread waiting conditions.
• <cstdint>
  • Fixed-size types and limits of other types.
• <cuchar>
  • C-style unicode character conversion functions.
• <forward_list>
  • Singly-linked list
• <future>
  • Primitives for asynchronous computations
• <initializer_list>
  • Lightweight proxy object that provides access to an array of objects of type const T.
• <mutex>
  • Mutual exclusion primitives.
• <random>
  • Random number generators and distributions.
• <ratio>
  • Compile-time rational arithmetic.
• <regex>
  • Classes, algorithms and iterators to support regular expression processing.
• <scoped_allocator>
  • Nested allocator class.
• <system_error>
  • Exception class used to report conditions that have an error_code.
• <thread>
  • Manages a seperate thread.
• <typeindex>
  • Wrapper around a type_info object, that can be used as index in associative and unordered associative containers.
• <type_traits>
  • Compile-time type information.
• <tuple>
  • Implements fixed size container, which holds elements of possibly different types.
• <unordered_set>
  • Collection of unique keys, hashed by keys.
• <unordered_map>
  • Collection of key-value pairs, hashed by keys, keys are unique.